ABSTRACT
Objetivo: analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o uso da simulação em saúde como ferramenta educativa no cuidado de enfermagem pediátrica. Método: revisão integrativa realizada com Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (simulação, treinamento por simulação e enfermagem pediátrica), nas bases de dados SCOPUS, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE e CINAHL. Foram encontrados 2070 estudos, avaliados 39 textos completos, em que 30 artigos compuseram o corpus de análise final. Resultados: a maioria dos estudos são internacionais, atuais e desenvolvidos com estudantes de graduação enfermagem. A simulação foi utilizada como ferramenta educacional para a formação na graduação, capacitação/treinamento sobretudo de enfermeiros e na educação em saúde de cuidadores familiares. Seu uso propiciou melhorias em gerenciamento, autoconfiança, habilidades, comunicação eficiente e construção do conhecimento acerca da temática. Conclusão: a simulação se configurou como uma ferramenta educacional com potencial para o aprimoramento do cuidado em pediatria.
Objetivo: analizar las evidencias disponibles en la literatura sobre el uso de la simulación de salud como herramienta educativa en el cuidado de enfermería pediátrica. Método: revisión integradora realizada con Descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud (simulación, simulación de entrenamiento y enfermería pediátrica), en las bases de datos SCOPUS, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE y CINAHL. Se encontraron un total de 2070 estudios, se evaluaron 39 textos completos, en los cuales 30 artículos conformaron el corpus de análisis final. Resultados: la mayoría de los estudios son internacionales, vigentes y desarrollados con estudiantes de pregrado en enfermería. La simulación fue utilizada como herramienta educativa para la formación de graduación, capacitación/capacitación, especialmente para enfermeros, y en la educación en salud de los cuidadores familiares. Su uso proporcionó mejoras en la gestión, confianza en sí mismo, habilidades, comunicación eficiente y construcción de conocimiento sobre el tema. Conclusión: la simulación se configuró como una herramienta educativa con potencial para mejorar la atención pediátrica.
Objective: to analyze the evidence available in the literature on the use of health simulation as an educational tool in pediatric nursing care. Method: integrative review carried out with Health Sciences Descriptors (simulation, simulation training and pediatric nursing), in the SCOPUS, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and CINAHL databases. A total of 2070 studies were found, 39 full texts were evaluated, in which 30 articles made up the final analysis corpus. Results: most studies are international, current and developed with undergraduate ursing students. The simulation was used as an educational tool for graduation training, qualification/training, especially for nurses, and in the health education of family caregivers. Its use provided improvements in management, self-confidence, skills, efficient communication and construction of knowledge on the subject. Conclusion: the simulation was configured as an educational tool with the potential to improve pediatric care.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Pediatric Nursing , Health Education , Simulation Exercise , Education, Nursing , MentoringABSTRACT
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Dilodendron bipinnatum Radlk., Sapindaceae, a tree of the Mato Grosso Pantanal, is popularly known as "mulher-pobre". The decoction or infusion of its inner stem bark is used for treating inflammatory conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY: To determine if a 70% hydroethanolic extract of Dilodendron bipinnatum stem bark (HEDb) is able to reduce allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The inner stem bark powder was macerated in a 70% hydroethanolic solution (1:3â¯w/v) to obtain HEDb. The induction of experimental asthma was accomplished as follows: on days 1 and 10, Swiss mice were sensitized by an intraperitoneal injection of OVA (100⯵g/mL) and aluminum hydroxide (10⯵g/mL). From day 19 to 24, animals (nâ¯=â¯6/per group) were treated (p.o.) twice a day with either vehicle (distilled water), HEDb (20, 100 and 500â¯mg/kg) or dexamethasone (0.5â¯mg/kg). Sham group animals were intraperitoneally injected and challenged with saline solution (0.9%) instead of OVA and received distilled water orally instead of HEDb, whereas the other groups were challenged with OVA (3% in saline) by aerosolization. On day 25, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for the quantification of total leukocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, mononuclear cells and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13). The lungs were collected for histopathological analysis and blood was assayed to determine serum IgE levels. The anti-inflammatory activity of HEDb was additionally confirmed by a lipoxygenase (LO) inhibitory assay in vitro. RESULTS: Compared to the sham group, the OVA group showed significantly greater numbers of total leukocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and mononuclear cells, as well as inflammatory cytokines in BALF, and also IgE in the serum. HEDb treated mice showed a significant decrease in inflammatory cell accumulation in BALF, with the maximum response observed at 500â¯mg/kg. Furthermore, the levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF, and of IgE in serum, were also considerably reduced as compared to the OVA group. The histopathological examination of the lungs of mice in the vehicle group showed a significant increase in hemorrhagic damage, mucus, perivascular and peribronchial inflammatory cell infiltrates, as well as mast cell degranulation compared to sham. HEDb (100 and 500â¯mg/kg) remarkably decreased all these parameters, presenting at the highest dose an anti-inflammatory effect comparable to that of dexamethasone (0.5â¯mg/kg). HEDb also had notable direct anti-inflammatory properties demonstrated by the inhibition of 15-LO activity in vitro (IC50 = 1.0-5.0⯵g/mL). CONCLUSIONS: These results somewhat agree on the popular use of the inner stem bark of D. bipinnatum as a treatment for allergic asthma. The HEDb exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity in the OVA-induced mouse model of allergic asthma, possibly due to the down-regulation of the Th2 responses and LO inhibition, resulting in improvements in all analyzed inflammatory parameters.